Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay

Born â€Å"June 14, 1811†, â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe†, was born to â€Å"Roxana and Lyman Beecher† (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). This seventh sibling has a famous brother, â€Å"Henry Ward Beecher†, who is a leader of the â€Å"abolitionist movement† (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She also has a sister, â€Å"Catherine Beecher† who fought for the women to be educated; she played a large role in the women’s progress in terms of education (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). In addition to that, she was married to an equally brilliant individual and popular named, â€Å"Calvin Stowe† at the age of twenty five (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She had seven children with this co-teacher of hers (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She attended the â€Å"Hartford Female Academy† to complete her education (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). This is the same school that her sister, â€Å"Catherine Beecher† instituted when â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† was only twelve years old (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). In school, she was described as â€Å"absent-minded, moody, and weird†, however, she was also known as extremely intelligent and that she was exceedingly good in writing (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). When â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† turned twenty one, she went to teach in â€Å"Cincinnati† at the â€Å"Western Female Institute†, another learning institution that her sister established (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). Together with her sister, Catherine, she wrote and published â€Å"Geography for Children† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). This same year, she has also been awarded with for an article she wrote and published in the â€Å"Western Monthly Magazine† entitled, â€Å"New England Sketch† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). At the age of thirty nine, she had already accomplished a book, entitled, â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). She turned extremely famous in 1851, just a year after she has written the aforementioned book (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). In addition to the aforementioned, what made her more famous is the fact that she delivered speeches with regards to oppression/slavery that occurs in the United States, as well as, in the United Kingdom (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). When some of her critics declared that the contents of â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† was not genuine, she rose up to the challenge and wrote another book entitled, â€Å"Dred† five years after the publication of â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). While she was busy delivering speeches about slavery, she also had her writings published in a journal known as â€Å"The National Era† that even the president, â€Å"Abraham Lincoln† acknowledged her brilliance and fame by saying, â€Å"So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war† (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). Back then, she was not only the â€Å"most famous† writer, she was also known to be the â€Å"highest paid† one (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896 n. p. ). She died in July 1, 1896 in Hartford, CT (Lakewood Public Library n. p. ). However, she left with so many contributions to the world of literature including the following works: â€Å"1) The Mayflower: or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters Among the Descendants of the Pilgrims; 2) Uncle Tom’s Cabin; 3) The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin; 4) Sunny Memoirs of Foreign Lands; 5) Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp; 6) the Minister’s Wooing; 7) The Pearl of Orr’s Island; 8) Agnes of Sorrento; 9) House and Home Papers; 10) Little Foxes; 11) Religious Poems; 12) the Chimney Corner; 12) Men of our Times; 13) Old Town Folks; 14) The True Story of Lord Byron’s Life; 15) Lady Byron Vindicated; 16) Little Pussy Willow; 17) Pink and White Tyranny: A Society Novel; 18) Old Town Fireside Stories; 19) My Wife and I: or, Harry Henderson’s History; 20) Sam Lawson’s Oldtown Fireside Stories; 21) Woman in Sacred History; 22) Palmetto Leaves; 23) We and Our Neighbors; 24) Betty’s Bright Idea; 25) Captain Kidd’s Money and Other Stories; 26) Footsteps of the Master; 27) Bible Heroines; 28) Poqanuc People; 29) A Dog’s Mission; 30) The Poor Life; 31) the Writings; and 32) Regional Sketches† (Hedrick 3 – 398). Furthermore, she left with a good name (Fritz 5 – 144). The author in question played a large role as a â€Å"social reformer, philanthropist, and author†; she fought for the â€Å"African Americans† and everyone else who were victims of oppression and slavery (Fritz 5 – 144). Upon meeting slaves who were able to escape, she immediately wrote articles and actually published them; through these many people â€Å"will wake up† in the years to come (Fritz 5 – 144). If she had not started upholding such rights of the slaves and people who were oppressed, it would not have been pushed by others and slavery would still have been in its worse today (Fritz 5 – 144). During her time, the â€Å"Fugitive Slave Act† has been enacted (Fritz 5 – 144). This law made it unlawful for other individuals to help out slaves who escaped (Fritz 5 – 144). What â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† did was to send a letter to a colleague and â€Å"abolitionist leader† named â€Å"Frederick Douglass† (Fritz 5 – 144). Here, she sought for an advice with regards to her articles on oppression/slavery (Fritz 5 – 144). Fortunately during this time she also had the opportunity to make her voice heard and so what she did was to discuss her writings especially with regards to slavery to help other individuals become well informed and to inspire them to help her out with her advocacies/fight (Fritz 5 – 144). On a final note, â€Å"Harriet Beecher Stowe† is a famous author who played a large role in addressing the problem on slavery in the United States and the United Kingdom through her works and delivered speeches (Fritz 5 – 144). Works Cited Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1811 – 1896. n. d. n. a. 18 November 2008. http://americancivilwar. com/women/hbs. html Fritz, Jean. Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Beecher Preachers (Unforgettable Americans). NY: Putnam Juvenile, 1998. Hedrick, Joan. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life. NY: Oxford University Press, 1995. Lakewood Public Library. Harriet Beecher Stowe. n. d. n. a. 18 November 2008. http://www. lkwdpl. org/wihohio/stow-har. htm

Drug Cartel Violence Coming Soon to America

Running head: DRUG CARTEL VIOLENCE Drug Cartel Violence Coming Soon to America Kyle R. Malin Southern New Hampshire University Abstract Drug Cartel Violence is seen nationwide on a daily basis. The gorilla like warfare has had some spill over into the United States. Due to the high demand of illicit drugs by Americans and immigrants living in America the cartels will continue to make money and do whatever it takes to get their drugs into the US. Americans will continue to suffer financially as policies are created by administrations to allow immigrants to stay.America has been founded on a principal as a land of opportunity to all. This philosophy has not changed when it comes to immigrants entering the country from Mexico. America will continue to see violence begin to spill over at alarming rates as cartels move their operations slowly into the United States. On June 3rd, 2012 five bodies were found burned to a crisp inside of a sport utility vehicle about sixty miles south of Phoe nix, Arizona in Pinal County. The bodies in the vehicle badly burned and the vehicle located in a high area for drug and human trafficking between Mexico and the United States.Bodies which were placed in the vehicle one in the front passenger seat and four more lying down in the cargo area, all clearly deceased upon the arrival of United States Border Patrol Agents. Was this an act of random violence or was it a connection to a drug trafficking organization known as a Cartel. This is just one instance of violence that has taken place in the area of Vekol Valley desert according to Pinal County Sheriff Babeu (CNN Wire Staff, 2012). Drug Cartels are making their way into the United States at an alarming rate.Their violent tactics are being seen across the border and law enforcing agencies are responding to their actions and finding the usual outcome which is violence unlike anything that has ever been seen. Historically Drug Cartels only operated in Mexico and South American Countries until the 1990’s (Federation of American Scientists, 2007). This was until the caputre of key leaders of domintate cartels in the region which, lead to an uprise for control of Mexico’s drug trade. This never ending fight has spawned violence which is broadcasted all over the media and social networking internet sites.The cartels are making it known that they will do what ever it takes to keep control of their trafficking lines and will be the most powerful cartels in Mexico and the border states of the United States. This savage gorilla style warfare will continue for years to come because the United States has a high demand for narcotics, there will always be a desire to have more money by each cartel, and the United States will always be one step behind in the fight to control the border. The United States has always been known for its large demand for illicit drugs some of the most popular being marijuana and cocaine (Center, 2010).A demand so high that 90% of coc aine used by Americans transits right through Mexico (Federation of American Scientists, 2007). Although, there is not a set standard for the amount of drugs that enter into the country the big problem is that cartels want people to purchase their drugs only. This is where the fight comes in for control of sales and distribution into the United States. Although it is a large gap the marijuna market alone in the United States accounts for 10 million dollars to 120 million dollars (PBS, 2012). This demand is what is said to be a problem in the first place.Drug sales and trafficking into the United States is big business according to these numbers. A cartel operates like a business and would not be sending large amounts of marijuna into the United States unless their was a demand for it. Drug sales are just like a Wal-Mart. Items in Walmart are only stocked on shelf based on how they are sold. So if an item is not sold Walmart does not order it any more. This is the same for the Cartel s. It is not like they are sending drugs into the United States because no one wants them. They are making a profit based on the demand of the United States.There has been much speculation about the demand of drugs from the United States with the Mexican Government (PBS, 2012). A questioning of officals from Mexico to the United States which is that of â€Å"how much are you putting into drug prevention and education to get people to quit using illicit drugs? † President Obama’s proposed budget for 2013 states that it is going to spend 41. 2% of 26 million dollars on drug prevention and treatment and the rest of that 26 million dollars will be spent on supply reduction (Smith, 2012).There is no documentation to show any changes that have been made in the budget which appears to be about a 40:60 split education to enforcement over the last few years. So it is apparent that there is no contigency to fund any more that what has already been in the budget. Although it is n ot apparent why, when so many are pushing for the drug war to stop and the United States to focus more on education and enfrocement. It really does go back to if the need and demand from the United States was not there for the drugs they would not be coming into our country and carrying out their random acts of violence.It is also apparent that the demand being so high that it will only continue to grow until the United States does something different than what they have been doing. A reduction in the demand for drugs would have effects which would be postive for everyone. There would less violence because cartels would have less to fight over and less funding to do so with. The Cartels would eventually have to find a new place to export their drugs to, if Americans would stop the incredible demand they have on the Cartels goods. The demand which is making them millions of dollars a year.Cartels will stop at no end to ensure that they are the number one controller of their area. The re are seven major cartels that control much of the mexico drug trade (US Department of Justice, 2011). These seven cartels are very organized and very eager to have their share of the action in terms of wholesale drug sales, transportation and distribution. The main cartel that seems to control much of the region is the Sinaola Cartel. This cartel has primary regions all over the United States and is the supplier of five major drugs. The cartel may have the most control but, it is more know for the numerous accounts of violence that it creates.The Sinaola Cartel is most known for a recent video posted to a social media website known as YouTube. This video shows the beheading of two of the cartels low level members. One of which was beheaded with a chainsaw and the other with a knife of some sort. In the town of Sinaola there are an average of four and a half murders a day that are related to the ongoing fued between the Zetas Cartel and the Sinaola Cartel. This battle has been ongo ing in recent years and is quoted by local residents as a modern day civil war (Wilkinson, 2012).In the wake of this violence the Zetas who are known for random acts of violence recently took the pieces and torso’s of 49 bodies and lined them along a trafficking corriodor controlled by the Sinaola Cartel. These acts of violence are all for control of the areas to move drugs into the United States. Looking into the acts and the desires for the cartels to move their products into the United States it is clear that the drive is money related. The more of the drugs that are readily available to the Americans the more money the cartels can make. In 2009 it was estimated that 21. million Americans were illicit drug users age 12 and up (US Department of Justice, 2011). This number almost 8 percent higher than the previous years report. The money made by cartels is staggering to say the least when it comes to a profit. The Sinaola Cartel can purchase a kilo of cocaine for around $200 0. 00 in Colombia or Peru and then watch it accure money as it makes it way through the wholesale line and enters into the United States (Keefe, 2012). The end result is that the same kilo will make its way into the United States and sell for $30,000. 00 or if it is cut up and distributed it could make upwards of $100,000. 0. Numbers like this are no wonder that the Cartels are fighting the way they are. People say in the world that money is the root of all evil they are very correct in saying so. The money made by the Cartels is almost far fetched when you look at how much they are estimated to make. Although no one will know the true numbers because the data is just not avaliable. The Sinaola Cartel is estimated to enjoy profit margins of an average 40% and as much as 60% earning of nearly $3 billion dollars annualy (Smith, 2012) This is just as much as say Facebook or the Netflix companies brought in in previous years.So it is now clear why the violence escalates to the point it does for control. Due to the demand of illicit drugs in the United States Cartels are risking more and more and becoming more brasen in the acts of violence they create to sercure the territory. Securing a territory is ultimately like a business move for them because it means more money. With the Cartles the more money they have the more people and weapons they can purchase to get their jobs done and bring drugs into the United States. The United States has a border with mexico that extends nearly 2000 miles long (US Border Patrol , 2012).This border is controlled in southern regions for example by nothing at all to stacked crushed cars. The Bush Administration passed a bill to erect a fence to cover the almost 2000 mile border was met with much speculation from activist groups of all kinds. The fenceing proposed by the Bush Administration to be built was met with opposition by activist groups and in all around 700 miles of fence was completed (US Border Patrol , 2012). All in effor ts to keep illegal immigrants out of the United States and make them come to America legally.Illegal immigrants are seeking refuge from a war torn country that continues to have violence and murders on a daily basis. It is estiamted that 1 in 4 foreigners live in the United States illgally. The Mexican population makes up 62% of this number according to a congressional report released in June of 2011 (Bedard, 2011). The Mexican illegal Immigrants also make up 38 percent of foreign born people in the United States (Bedard, 2011). Not forgetting that these immigrants are humans just like citizens of the United States means that they require healthcare and schooling for example.The cost for illegal immigrants in the United States is very high and shows that they are a drain on the American Economy which is already in the slums, due to the recession. Figures shown are that the average American household spends $1117 dollars a year to support illegal immigrants (Illegal Immigration Stati stics. org, 2012). 51% of Mexican immigrant households use at least one major welfare program while 28% use at least two. The largest cost to Amercians is the education of the children of illegal immigrants which is $52,000,000,000 per year (Illegal Immigration Statistics. org, 2012).With costs like these it is no wonder that there is not enough money to adequaltely support the US Border Patrol operations and have enough agents or to complete tactical infrastructure projects such as fences. Even more alarming is that the immigrants now maintain a 16% recidivism rate in the United States which means that they are tying up our court systems and taking space in our prisons (Illegal Immigration Statistics. org, 2012). The major concern is that with these costs happening and the United States footing the bill for them what are the responses from our nations leaders to it.The Obama administraiton has revceived a lot of speculation in recent months over immigration reform and the right tha t illegal immigrants will receive from the United States. The administration does have some goals which are good at heart when it comes to documenting illegal immigrants and giving them some sort of path to United States citizenship. The Obama Administration voted yes to the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006, which established a guest worker program for illegal immigrants (The Washington Post, 2006).The items outlined in this reform act allowed for increased security along the borders and most importantly allowed long time illegal immigrants to gain legal status. The problem with this is that none of the workers were documented up until this point so the administration did not know who they were giving citizenship to because there was no way to complete background checks on people who did not already have paper trails to go with them. No one except for that immigrant knew where they were coming from or what baggae from across the border they brought with them.This immigra tion reform act meant that immigrants could eventually become legal and stay in the United States. The realism of this is that there is no documentation avaliable to show how many of these immigrants have ties to Cartels. With the wide spread network that the Cartels have through out the United States already it is only a matter of time before states other than those that border Mexico begin to see unpreceneted violence. With the recent refroms that the Obama Administration has made it is no wonder that the cartels are sending foot soldiers out to set up shop within the United States.Cartels currently operate in 1,286 United States cities such as a rural eastern North Carolina community known as Ivanhoe (McLaughlin, 2012). In this community which is just outside of Wilmington North Carolina a recent raid was made were Drug Enforcement Adminstration agents seized 2400 marijuana plants that were being grown on someones property. This grow site included â€Å"migrant workers† wh o were tied back to the cartels. DEA supervisory agent Franklin in Wilmington North Carolina noted that this case is one of a growing list of cartel-linked busts that are being seen in this state (McLaughlin, 2012).Franklin states in his interview that cartels are using already set up latino communities as cover to set up shop. At this point in time the DEA and other agencies do not believe that the violence seen in such places as Juarez Mexcio will erupt in the United States (McLaughlin, 2012). Mostly because the cartels operate like a business or franchise and they set up shop to make money. If the cartels act violently on United States soil they know that law enforcement here are more swift than Mexican Law Enforcement.There have been numoerous kidnappings and beheadings on United States soil already but, nothing in comparison to the violence that happens regulary in Mexico. It is said that violence in Juarez is business and the same violence in the US is bad for business (McLaug hlin, 2012). With the swift action taken by cartels for those that betray them or are agaisnt them it is only a matter of time before the violence will erupt in America much like it does in Mexico. This is because those who run from the cartels are some of the illegal immigrants that America is allowing in.In the long run the Americans will still suffer because the United States does not have a proactive apporoach to the situation that is fastly growing out of control. Reform bills and new immigration laws are nothing more than knee jerk reactions that will just keep America further behind and cost the country trillions of dollars in the end. As long as Americans keep the demand for illicit drugs on the rise the violence will continue to erupt. Weather on our soil or Mexican Soil there will continue to be violence of an unprecendeted amount.With much speculation that the Mexican government will collapse it is apparent that the United States Joint Operating Enviroment feels the same way. In a report released in 2008 the JOE released statements comparing Mexico to Pakistan and stated that the two countries would have a sudden and rapid collapse in the near future (Joint Operating Enviroment, 2008). Once the country completely goes into civil war over the drug trade it will only be a matter of time before there is an influx of migrants trying to make their way to the United States for refuge.Once this happens you can believe that the violence will carry over into the United States. This violence already being seen in small doses already will be like nothing that Americans have seen before. This is most cases people feel as if the violence could be gone if we kept the immigrants out. If immigrants were not taken care of and America was not spending so much money on them it would be practical to have increased border protection and aid in the recoverey of the defecit that has already been created.The United States however, is the land of oppurtunity and everyone wh o is hear with the excepction of American Indians are really immigrants or come from an immigrant background. The country was based on helping those who wished to have future in a free democracy. These principals are not forgotten and this is why there is not and will not be a great illegal immigrant round up and mass deportation. As long as the phlisophy is supported you will continue to see immigrants coming to our country illegal or legal.Some of those who will continue to bring with them ties to cartels and for that matter users of illicit drugs. The violence will continue as more and more drugs are pushed into the United States due to demand. The premise of which cartel is stronger will be funded by the money the drugs are purcahsed with. Most importantly the United States will be one step behind as politics and personal agendas get in the way of what is really important. Americans will begin to see more and more of the violence make its way onto our soil as more and more immig rants seek refuge from the cartels.References Bedard, P. (2011, June 15). Report: Most Illegal Immigrants Come From Mexico. Retrieved August 13, 2012, from US News: http://www. usnews. com/news/washington-whispers/articles/2011/06/15/report-most-illegal-immigrants-come-from-mexico Center, G. P. (2010, November). Drug Recognition Expert. Forsyth, Georiga, United States of America: GPSTC. CNN Wire Staff. (2012, June 3). Officer. com. Retrieved August 18, 2012, from Officer. com: http://www. officer. com/news/10724801/border-patrol-finds-5-bodies-in-burned-out-suv-in-ariz Federation of American Scientists. (2007, October 16).Mexico's Drug Cartels. Retrieved August 18, 2012, from Mexicos Drug Cartels: http://www. fas. org/sgp/crs/row/RL34215. pdf Illegal Immigration Statistics. org. (2012, July 18). Illegal Immigration Statistics . Retrieved August 19, 2012, from Statistics: http://www. illegalimmigrationstatistics. org/ Joint Operating Enviroment. (2008). Joint Operating Enviroment. Re trieved August 2, 2012, from United States Joint Forces Command: http://www. jfcom. mil/newslink/storyarchive/2008/JOE2008. pdf Kefe, P. R. (2012, June 15). Cocaine Industry. Retrieved August 14, 2012, from New York Times:

Resolutions For Amending The Constitution On Election Of...

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The Essentials of Writing Service for College Paper That You Will be Able to Benefit From Starting Right Away

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Recommending a COBIT-Based IT Security Framework for a...

Recommending a COBIT-Based IT Security Framework for a Midsize Organization The current objective is to provide the medium sized insurance organization with the most effective draft of and IT security policy framework. In reviewing the literature, it is clear that recent implementations of a COBIT model have proven incredibly successful in keeping with an efficient and productive organizational IT structure. As such, it is recommended that COBIT serve as a primary model for the foundation of the proposed IT security policy framework. Working with security policies at any level of business and industry can be incredibly complex. Here, the research suggests that developing an IT policy framework from scratch can be very daunting challenge for even the most experienced audit professionals (ISACA, 2012). A mid sized firm simply does not have the resources or the time to build a network from scratch and have it work seamlessly. Building such networks is extremely costly and requires a great amount of effort, which an insurance agency may not be able to provide. As such, the most effective manner for reestablishing IT policy framework is to utilize something already in place and adjusted in order to fit the unique needs of a particular organization. Drawing from proven designs can help save time and effort in the trial and error process. Looking to external sources, successful strategies for framework can be drawn from the literature. One of the most potentially lucrative

Active Smoker Depending

Question: Discuss about the Active Smoker Depending. Answer: Introduction: Ladies and gentlemen, I am here today to talk to you about smoking. Smoking is not a new thing to you because of all of you have either smoked or seen someone smoking. A person can either be a passive or an active smoker depending on the relationship they have with the substance being smoked. Let assume that one of us here took out a cigar and lit it in front of all of us here basically all of us will be smokers and the only difference would be the fact that the person will be an active smoker while the rest of us will be passive smokers. Commonly smoked substances are bhang and tobacco. These are easily available in many parts of the world despite the fact that many governments have banned their use Smoking is a habitual practice especially among the youth. This is however not to mean that the elderly do not smoke. Different People smoke for different reasons. There those who smoke out of curiosity .This particularly common among the youths . Watching people smoke on TV can influence other to smoke too and before they know they become addicted to it. There are also those who smoke due to social integration, this happens where the people around you are all smokers. Living around or working with people who smoke can make someone feel the need to smoke in order to fit in the group. This is also very common among the youth but it can also happen to people of other ages. I have heard some say that they smoke in order to relieve themselves from stress. I dont know how this works so I cannot ascertain its validity or invalidity. There are also those who smoke in order to control their body. According to them smoking makes they lose appetite so they are able to reduce the amount of food that they consume on daily basis. I also dont know how true this. We can spend the whole day here if I chose to explore all the reasons .However regardless of the reason for smoking, no form of smoking is better than the other. Conclusion: Despite the fact that people know the negative impacts smoking it is really surprising that the number of smokers is constantly increasing. The question that each one of you here should ask is whether they should smoke or not? Smoking can have detrimental effect on peoples health as well as their social and economic lives. Smoking can have significant damage to the respiratory system. Through smoking people inhale smoke which can damage their lungs making them unable to filter harmful chemicals from the body. Smoking can also lead to heart complications. It can also lead to sexual dysfunction for both men and women, lead to discoloration of teeth as well as cause wrinkles. That said, it is upon each one of us to choose a healthier life by staying away from smoking or have a shorter life span.

Uniform education system in Pakistan Essay Example

Uniform education system in Pakistan Paper Shahzatb Qadeer Shaikh (17020011) Raazia Waseem Tuesday, October 15, 2013 The idea of a uniform education system for all is an exercise in futility. It can never happen. So resources should not be wasted on attempting to achieve the impossible. Poverty, terrorism and social and economic insecurity are a few of the numerous problems this country faces, the roots of all of which lie in a more basic issue: illiteracy. To solve the complex, ever-growing problem of illiteracy in Pakistan, numerous measures, including the prospect of a uniform education system, have been suggested. Although the idea of a uniform education system to tackle these problems shows promise because of the sense of unity and equality that it will give the nation and a more balanced educational curriculum it is expected to offer, the high costs relating to the project, the problems of centrally governing a one tier education system and the long period of time that it will take to properly implement the idea nationwide make it an exercise in futility. Broadly speaking there are 3 secondary education systems that exist in Pakistan: the SSC, HSC education system locally termed as the Metric/lntermediate system dministered by the Board of Secondary and Intermediate Education (BISE); the GCE (General Certificate of Education) system that replaces the SSC/HSC with O and A levels, administered by external British Examination Board of Cambridge; and the Maddersah system that is responsible for primarily providing religious education to children at secondary level. We will write a custom essay sample on Uniform education system in Pakistan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Uniform education system in Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Uniform education system in Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The education provided by the current SSC/HSC system has become totally outdated and given the pay scale of the average Pakistani citizen not everyone can afford to have their children study in the GCE system. There is need of a more balanced education system that provides up to date education to cater the needs of the modern world along with sufficient importance given to subjects like Urdu and religion which are somehow neglected in the GCE system. But a new uniform education system isnt really the answer to the problem, given sufficient funding and proper supervision the SSC/HSC curriculum can be re-written to modern standards to compete with external alternate examinations like the GCE system. The government can save on the huge costs of setting up the new one tier education ystem and use the capital elsewhere. Apart from that the existing 3 systems somehow create a barrier between the classes, the upper middle and elite class have their children study the GCE system the middle and lower class (those who can afford it) have their children study the Metric/lnter or Maddersah system. The gap between the classes has been deepened by the ever long economic crisis the country faces. A new uniform education system can give the privileged studying in the same schools in the same system will give the nation a sense of unitary direction. Then again it can be argued, education as a whole whether its uniform or systematic, teaches us about equality and unity. However, equality and unity are values which cannot and should not be drilled into young minds. These are the things that are understood and learnt more outside the class than inside, so no real need of a uniform education system exists for the sole purpose of promoting unity and equality. The idea of a single education system would mean that these education systems are replaced with a single centrally governed education system. The first thing to onsider is the new curriculum that has to be written up. A lot of research will be required to write up the new course outlines and the way they are taught. Extensive training for teachers in both rural and urban area will be required . This mean a lot of capital to start up with and continuous funding to keep the project running. Education projects in the early 2000s like the Education Sector Reforms ESR (2001-2003) passed by the Ministry of Education Pakistan were budgeted around Rs. 50-60 Billion, the budget for a project like a uniform education system of such a big cale would have to be even larger. Can a country with a budget deficit exceeding $5million afford such a project? Even if half of the capital that was spent earlier on previous projects is spent now under proper surveillance and without political bias, the existing SSC/HSC system can regain its former validity as a national education system that it had when it was originally introduced. Apart for the large costs attached to the idea of a uniform education system in the country the next big setback is the swarm of administrative problems that the project is deemed to face. The SSC/FSC system started failing to provide quality education to cater local needs in its early years because it was centralized. Although there are regional boards that are responsible for some aspects of education in their own particular districts but the main administrative responsibilities still rest in the hands of the BISE Pakistan. Dawood Shah in a Country report on Decentralization in the Education System of Pakistan stated: It is believed that highly centralized system of education is greatly hampering the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery service at the grass-root level. A decentralized education system can respond more effectively to local needs and will be easier to administer. A common education system being followed by the whole nation would mean a homogeneous standard of education being set wherever the education is being provided. This is a task near impossible because of the lack of trained staff available plus the huge geographical and cultural differences that exist in Pakistan. A uniform education system would not only be ineffective in delivery, it will also be suppressing cultural diversity which needs to be celebrated and built upon. Excessive training and better higher education facilities might solve the problem regarding the lack of trained staff but if a new uniform education has to be kept effective it has to be kept immune from diseases like corruption that mostly work when the system is large and highly centralized. Breaking down the system and giving more authority to the regional education and keep the system effective at every stage. More importantly, changes like these do not happen overnight and the time taken to bring a project into proper nationwide implementation has to be taken into onsideration while taking such a decision. Properly designing a new one tier education system and bringing it into working requires as much time as it does capital. A project of such a large scale could take up a decade to come into reality and keeping Pakistans progress on recent development projects in view it could take well over a decade. However reforms to the existing education system to rid it of errors and improvise the teaching standards requires lesser time and seems more practical as compared to the idea of designing a new one tier education system from scratch. Even if the project is successful people take time in placing their faith in something new. The parents who previously had their children studying the GCE curriculum would be reluctant to have their children study the new education system introduced by government. On the contrary if the SSC/FSC system is corrected and reformed to compete with modern education standards the parents would feel more comfortable in placing their trust in it. Not to forget that the GCE system gained popularity only recently and most of the parents themselves studied the SSC/HSC curriculum for heir secondary education. Although the countrys current situation makes it necessary for the government to rethink its education policies because of the failure of the existing education system to deliver quality education but the idea of a new education system will only be adding to the countrys cost and giving birth to more administrative problems in the already deeply faulted education system. However a series of education reforms to re-new the existing curriculum, re-train the faculty and rid it of flaws like corruption nd invalidity in terms of grading can bring about the same effects that the new single education system is aimed at doing. The solution is basically to rectify the system from the core not to replace it. Citations Dawood Shah, Country Report on Decentralization of Education System of Pakistan: Policies and strategies. Paragraph 3. http://www. aepam. edu. pk/Old/Publications/ Decentralization%20in%20the%20Education%20System%200f%20Pakistan. pdf ESR( Education sector Reforms) budget reference, http://siteresources. worldbank. org/ PAKISTANEXTN/Resources/Pakistan-Development-Forum/EduSectorReforms. pdf